Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
батидемерсальный. Temperate; 90°N - 0°S, 180°W - 180°E
Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, the Arctic and North America Inland Waters: Portugal, Iceland, Greenland, Canada Newfoundland, Spain, France, Belgium, Ireland, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden Lithuania, Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Russia, UK, USA, Canada, Mexico, Alaska, Japan, Kamchatka (Ref. 1394), Br Scotland, Madeira, British Columbia, Kuril Island, Sea of Okhotsk, Gulf of California, Baltic Sea, Barents Sea, Hudson Bay (Ref. 1522); Phoca vitulina vitulina: Portugal, UK, Iceland, Greenland, Br Scotland, Norway, Madeira, Baltic Sea, Barents Sea; Phoca vitulina concolor: Canada, Hudson Bay, USA, Greenland, Iceland; Phoca vitulina richardii: Mexico, Alaska, British Columbia, USA, Gulf of California; Phoca vitulina stejnegeri: Japan, Kamchatka, Alaska, Sea of Okhotsk, Kuril Island; Phoca vitulina mellonae: Hudson Bay, James Bay. Temperate to polar regions.
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 190 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 1394); 170 cm TL (female); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 150.0 kg (Ref. 1394); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 150.0 kg
Found in coastal waters of the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 1394); and whelp in groups on beaches, sandbars, and rocky reefs (Ref. 1522). Feeds on a wide variety of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans of surface, mid-water and benthic habitats (Ref. 1394). It is preyed upon by the great white shark (Ref. 32140). Found in coastal waters of the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 1394); and whelp in groups on beaches, sandbars, and rocky reefs (Ref. 1522). Also for resting, moulting and lactation during low tides. Typically perform U-shaped dives. Leave the coast on foraging trips to deeper offshore waters where prey is abundant (Ref. 96347). Feeds on a wide variety of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans of surface, mid-water and benthic habitats (Ref. 1394).
Основная ссылка
ссылки | координатор | соавторы
Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber. 1993. (Ref. 1394)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Статус СИТЕС (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий
FAO - рыболовство: landings, Видовой профиль | FishSource | Sea Around Us
инструменты
дополнительная информация
ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 3.4 - 11.2, mean 8.7 (based on 1375 cells).
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям
средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (K=0.09-0.4).
Уязвимость
High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Категория цены
Unknown.
