Main Ref. | Poutiers, J.M., 1998 |
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Remarks | Byssally attached to hard substrates, with the shell vertically disposed and the dorsal margin lying on the rock surface, or to boulders and corals. Often occurs in dense colonies (maximum recorded density of about 870 individuals/m2), sometimes forming mixed natural beds with Malleus regula. Littoral and sublittoral. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
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Substrate Ref. | Tan, K.S. and W.W. Kastoro, 2004 |
Special habitats | Beds: rock; |
Special habitats Ref. | Poutiers, J.M., 1998 |
Ref. | Poutiers, J.M., 1998 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |