Main Ref. | Jennings, S., J. Lancaster, A. Woolmer and J. Cotter, 1999 |
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Remarks | Found on volcanic mud at a depth of 823.5 m (Ref. 78667). Littoral and sub-littoral, to depths of 2700 meters. Under stones and among undergrowth. Also found in brackish water (Ref. 81539). On exposed rocky shores, amongst Mytilisepta virgata beds (Ref. 126136). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | M'Intosh, W.C., 1885 |
Special habitats | Beds: bivalve; |
Special habitats Ref. | Ong Che, R.G. and B. Morton, 1992 |
Ref. | M'Intosh, W.C., 1885 |
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Associations | parasitism; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism | outside host (A few foraminifera were found parasitic on the scales.) |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | MarineSpecies.org, 2050 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | MarineSpecies.org, 2050 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.29 | 0.53 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |