Ecology Summary - Lithodes santolla

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Ecology of Lithodes santolla

Main Ref.	Arana, P.M.E. and M.A. Retamal, 1999
Remarks	Restricted to deeper waters (Ref. 2786). Intraspecific predation observed in its early stages (Ref. 104081). Juveniles are observed to form aggregations known as "pods" on large kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. Young individuals are found around the holdfasts and stipes of this kelp (Ref. 104212) as well as on rocky bottoms in the subtidal nearshore (Ref. 104371). Juveniles are voracious and opportunistic omnivorous predators (Ref. 104371). Scavenger and predator (Ref. 113323). Also in Ref. 78676.

Main Ref.

Arana, P.M.E. and M.A. Retamal, 1999

Remarks

Restricted to deeper waters (Ref. 2786). Intraspecific predation observed in its early stages (Ref. 104081). Juveniles are observed to form aggregations known as "pods" on large kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. Young individuals are found around the holdfasts and stipes of this kelp (Ref. 104212) as well as on rocky bottoms in the subtidal nearshore (Ref. 104371). Juveniles are voracious and opportunistic omnivorous predators (Ref. 104371). Scavenger and predator (Ref. 113323). Also in Ref. 78676.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Lithodes santolla may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile;
Substrate Ref.	Macpherson, E., 2004
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Stevens, B.G., 2014
Associations	parasitism; commensalism;
Associated with	Pseudione tuberculata, Briarosaccus callosus (parasitism); Careproctus sp. (commensalism).
Association remarks	Small juveniles are reported without a protuberance containing immature P. tuberculata. The liparid fish Careproctus sp. (Scorpaeniformes) lay their egg masses inside the gill chamber (Ref. 113901).
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Saborowski, R., S. Thatje, J.A. Calcagno, G.A. Lovrich and K. Anger, 2006
Feeding habit	variable
Feeding habit Ref.	Saborowski, R., S. Thatje, J.A. Calcagno, G.A. Lovrich and K. Anger, 2006

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.71	0.40			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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