Ecology Summary - Pterygioteuthis giardi

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Ecology of Pterygioteuthis giardi

Main Ref.	Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper, 2010
Remarks	A cosmopolitan in tropical to subtropical oceanic waters. Mesopelagic to about 500 m and ascends to the surface and epipelagic zone at night. Undertakes diel vertical migrations: off Bermuda, at 250 to 500 m by day and 50 to 250 m at night. Off Hawaii it is a facultative inhabitant of the mesopelagic boundary zone. Preyed upon by large dolphins (e.g. Tursiops truncatus) and pelagic fishes (Ref. 97142).

Main Ref.

Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper, 2010

Remarks

A cosmopolitan in tropical to subtropical oceanic waters. Mesopelagic to about 500 m and ascends to the surface and epipelagic zone at night. Undertakes diel vertical migrations: off Bermuda, at 250 to 500 m by day and 50 to 250 m at night. Off Hawaii it is a facultative inhabitant of the mesopelagic boundary zone. Preyed upon by large dolphins (e.g. Tursiops truncatus) and pelagic fishes (Ref. 97142).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Pterygioteuthis giardi may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile; Pelagic;
Substrate Ref.	Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

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Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Passarella, K.C. and T.L. Hopkins, 1991
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.36	0.29			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
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