Main Ref. | SAUP Database, 2006 |
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Anmärkningar | A coastal species (Ref. 356), found on beach and shoreline, nearshore and in islands (Ref. 116102). Primarily foraging inshore. In the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland and northern England, they are known to partially feed on the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus. Breeding pairs share incubation and chick-rearing duties in nesting colonies. They surface-feed by scooping prey from the water and carry it in their bills (Ref. 95711). Displays plunge-diving behavior (Ref. 356). Adults feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Daunt, F., S. Wanless, P.R. Simon, H.J. Greenstreet, K.R. Hamer and M.P. Harris, 2008 |
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Associations | colony-forming/symphorism; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Form nesting colonies (Ref. 95711). |
Parasitism |
Typ av föda | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Daunt, F., S. Wanless, P.R. Simon, H.J. Greenstreet, K.R. Hamer and M.P. Harris, 2008 |
Födosöksstrategi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Daunt, F., S. Wanless, P.R. Simon, H.J. Greenstreet, K.R. Hamer and M.P. Harris, 2008 |
Estimation method | Ursprungligt prov | Ofiskad population | Kommentar | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Från födosammansättning | |||||
Från individuella födoämnen | 4.30 | 0.72 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |