Main Ref. | Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, D.G. Fautin, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Mills, W.C. Jaap, M.N. Arai, S.H.D. Haddock and D.M. Opresko, 2003 |
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Remarks | Solitary (Ref. 2377). Carnivore; trophic level 3 (Ref. 96418). A littoral species (Ref. 96494); inhabits sand-scoured or circalittoral rock (Ref. 96497). Found attached to rocks and boulders in situations where strong water movement prevails (Ref. 96495). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: sessile; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Coggan, R. and M. Diesing, 2011 |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; |
Special habitats Ref. | Schaal, G., P. Riera and C. Leroux, 2010 |
Ref. | Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, D.G. Fautin, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Mills, W.C. Jaap, M.N. Arai, S.H.D. Haddock and D.M. Opresko, 2003 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Schaal, G., P. Riera and C. Leroux, 2010 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Schaal, G., P. Riera and C. Leroux, 2009 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |