Ecology Summary - Hydrophis spiralis

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Ecology of Hydrophis spiralis

Main Ref.	Carpenter, K.E., F. Krupp, D.A. Jones and U. Zajonz, 1997
Remarks	Inhabits coastal waters. Ovoviviparous. Feeds on fishes (Ref. 801) like eels (Ref. 2352).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Hydrophis spiralis may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile; demersal;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats	Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Carpenter, K.E., F. Krupp, D.A. Jones and U. Zajonz, 1997
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Ineich, I., 2007
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Ineich, I., 2007

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	4.50	0.80			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.