Ecology Summary - Bucephala islandica

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Ecology Summary - Bucephala islandica

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Ecology of Bucephala islandica

Main Ref.	SAUP Database, 2006
Remarks	Coastal. Exhibits surface diving and dabbling behavior (Ref. 356). Inhabits the littoral zone. Winters in estuaries. Breeds inland in boreal forests. Undergoes molting migration. Molting birds are found in coastal saltwaters, estuaries, rich shallow freshwater lakes (in the Yukon), in brackish waters of fjords and rich shallow coastal lakes surrounded by open water (in Denmark), rocky foreshores (in Ungava Bay). Population threats include oil spills and toxic chemical contamination, logging, fish introductions in breeding lakes, and hunting (Ref. 95145).

Main Ref.

SAUP Database, 2006

Remarks

Coastal. Exhibits surface diving and dabbling behavior (Ref. 356). Inhabits the littoral zone. Winters in estuaries. Breeds inland in boreal forests. Undergoes molting migration. Molting birds are found in coastal saltwaters, estuaries, rich shallow freshwater lakes (in the Yukon), in brackish waters of fjords and rich shallow coastal lakes surrounded by open water (in Denmark), rocky foreshores (in Ungava Bay). Population threats include oil spills and toxic chemical contamination, logging, fish introductions in breeding lakes, and hunting (Ref. 95145).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Bucephala islandica may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	4.10	0.48			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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