| Family: |
Littorinidae (periwinkles) |
| Max. size: |
1.66 cm SHH (male/unsexed) |
| Environment: |
benthic; marine |
| Distribution: |
Indo-West Pacific. |
| Diagnosis: |
Shell high-conical, spire profile straight to slightly convex, base slightly convex; 2 rows of 9-18 rounded nodules on last whorl, peripheral nodules crossed by 2-3 threads, threads on base often nodulose; aperture rounded anteriorly, anterior lip not projecting; grey or black with white to cream nodules. Penial filament triangular, pointed, 0.4-0.5 total length of penis; copulatory bursa divided, ventral branch equal to or longer than dorsal branch (Ref. 82584). |
| Biology: |
Commonly inhabits the upper littoral fringe. Found on basalt, volcanic tuff, granite, shale, coral limestone, sandstone, concrete and rarely on mangrove trunks, in sheltered to moderately exposed sites. This species is most abundant in continental settings, and is more tolerant of turbidity and slightly estuarine conditions. It is generally uncommon on karstic limestone in clear-water habitats with fringing reefs, as in the Philippines and Sulawesi (Ref. 82584). |
| IUCN Red List Status: |
Not Evaluated (N.E.) Ref. 123251)
|
| Threat to humans: |
harmless |
| Country info: |
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