| Family: |
Laridae () |
| Max. size: |
36 cm TL (male/unsexed); max.weight: 212.0 g |
| Environment: |
others; freshwater; marine |
| Distribution: |
Western Central Atlantic and Northeast Pacific: |
| Diagnosis: |
Culmen: 2.99 cm; tarsus: 3.175 cm; wing: 26.3 cm. |
| Biology: |
Total Length: 18 to 21 cm; Wingspan: 30 to 33 cm (Ref. 8812). Estuarine. Found on bay and nearshore (Ref. 116102). Surface seizing; dipping; coastal (Ref. 356). A surface nester, usually builds nest in trees. One of the few species that nest and forage in inland habitats, and move to the coast during non-breeding season. Colonial; distance between pairs may be >100m but nest sites still clumped with many other suitable nesting areas unutilized. Vulnerable to oil spill as a piscivore; saw 50% decline in population from 1989 in Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill (Ref. 87784). |
| IUCN Red List Status: |
(LC); Date assessed: 08 August 2018 Ref. 123251)
|
| Threat to humans: |
|
| Country info: |
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