主要參考文獻 | Robertson, R., 2003 |
模態 | dioecism |
受精 | external |
產卵頻度 | one clear seasonal peak per year |
批次產卵者 | No |
生殖同功群 |
nonguarders Open water/substratum egg scatterers |
生命周期與交配行為的描述 | Broadcast spawners. Spawning occurs during lunar period. Females lay eggs in ribbons or jelly masses in the substratum, after the males have released their sperm (Ref. 105346). Males don't have penis (Ref. 105349). Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktonic trocophore larvae and later into juvenile veligers before becoming fully grown adults (Ref. 833). |
搜尋有關繁殖更多的參考資料 | Scirus |