| Carapace length used to measure length at birth. First zoea. Carapace: Typically brachyuran, possessing rostral, dorsal, and 2 lateral spines. Eyes sessile. Rostrum straight, naked, sharply pointed, slightly shorter than carapace length. Dorsal spine about equal in length to carapace, curving gently posteriad, bearing a few scattered minute tubercles. Lateral spines short, naked, projecting perpendicular to sagittal plane. Carapace elliptical, naked except for 2 small dorsolateral setae originating midway between dorsal and lateral spines; mediodorsal knob naked. Antennule: Flabellate rod with 3 aesthetascs, 2 naked setae at tip. Antenna: Protopodite long, tapering to point; spirally arranged spines present along distal three-fourths length with spines larger, longer toward tip. Exopodite one-sixth to one-fifth protopodite length, naked throughout length, with 1 short apical spine, 1 long and 2 short apical nonplumose setae. Mandibles: Well-developed incisor and molar processes; no palp. Maxillule: Coxal endite with 7 stout, plumose setae. Basal endite with 5 denticulate spines, about 20 minute hairs on lateral surface. Endopodite two-segmented; proximal segment with 1 long, nonplumose seta; distal segment with 2 subterminal, 4 terminal, sparsely plumose setae. Maxilla: Coxal endite bilobed with 4 proximal, 3 distal plumose setae. Basal endite bilobed with 4 (occasionally 5) proximal and 4 distal plumose setae. Endopodite bilobed; 3 terminal sparsely plumose apical setae on proximal lobe, 5 terminal (appearing as 3 apical, 2 slightly lower) sparsely plumose setae on distal lobe; this setal formula holds for remainder of stages. Scaphognathite with 4 marginal plumose setae and elongate sharp process bearing numerous minute hairs laterally. Maxilliped 1: Coxopodite with 1 seta. Basipodite ventral margin with 10 sparsely plumose setae arranged (proximally to distally) 2, 2, 3, 3; this setal formula holds for remainder of stages. Endopodite five-segmented with proximal to distal segment setation of 2, 2, 1, 2, 4+1. (Roman numeral denotes dorsal seta.) Exopodite with 4 terminal natatory setae. Maxilliped 2: Coxopodite without setae. Basipodite ventral margin with one row of 4 sparsely plumose setae; this setal formula holds for remainder of stages. Endopodite threesegmented with proximal to distal segment setation of 1,1,4+1. Exopodite with 4 terminal natatory setae. Maxilliped 3 and Pereiopods: Not apparent. Abdomen: With five somites. Somite 1 unornamented; somite 2 with anteriorly curved lateral hooks; somite 3 with smaller posteriorly curved lateral hooks. Somites 3-5 with small posterolateral spines overlapping following somite. Somites 2-5 with pair of minute posterodorsal setae. Telson: Bifurcate; each furca smooth, possessing one larger lateral spine near its midlength and one smaller dorsal spine originating near apex oflateralspine. Inner telson margin with 3 pairs of articulated spines, each armed throughout length with minute spinules, center pair of spines with 2 longer interior spinules and 1 longer exterior spinule located at proximal one-third of spine. Inner telson margin with pronounced medial sinus. Color: Zoea mainly colorless with exception of localized pigment concentrations. Dorsal area of orbit pale mint green, color fading into interorbital area; interorbital protuberance faint orange. Gastric region pale orange extending along gut through first two abdominal segments (this color not due to ingested Artemia); diffused pale mint green surrounds orange of gastric region. Mandible incisor and molar surfaces scarlet, blending into pale orange within mandible. First and second maxillipeds with diffuse pale orange at junction ofbasipodite and exopodite. Proximal region of telson furcae on either side of median telson sinus tinted with diffused pale orange. Second zoea. CL=0.61 mm. Carapace: Eyes faceted, stalked. Rostrum base with small, lateral preorbital protuberances perpendicular to longitudinal axis. Dorsal spine usually with 2 small proximal setae, occasionally with a few small widely spaced setae and tubercles. Lateral spines with 2 to 4 minute dorsal tubercles. Carapace ventral margin with 3 or 4 fringing setae; mediodorsal knob now with 4 integumentalsensillae arranged into rectangle on crest, one pair setae anterior and posterior to knob. Antennule: Four aesthetascs, 2 naked setae at tip. Antenna: Unchanged except for incipient endopodite primordium near exopodite base. Mandibles: Without palp. Maxillule: Coxal endite unchanged from first zoea. Basal endite apex with 6 denticulate spines, 1 naked seta; lateral surface with 1 plumose seta, =20 minute hairs. Endopodite unchanged from first zoea. Protopodite now with 1 distal plumose seta. Maxilla: Coxal endite bilobed with 4 proximal, 4 distal plumose setae. Basal endite bilobed with 5 proximal, 4 distal plumose setae. Scaphognathite with 11 or 12 marginal plumose setae. Maxilliped 1: Coxopodite with 1 (rarely 2) seta. Endopodite unchanged from first zoea. Exopodite with 6 terminal natatory setae. Maxilliped 2: Coxopodite without setae. Endopodite three-segmented with proximal to distal segment setation of 1, 1, 4 or 5+1. Exopodite with 7 terminal natatory setae. Maxilliped 3 and Pereiopods: Not apparent. Abdomen: With five somites. Somite 1 with 1 posterodorsal seta; somites 2-5 generally unchanged from first zoea, but posterolateral spines of somites 3-5 slightly longer relative to body size. Telson: Generally unchanged from first zoea. An additional minute lateral furcal spine may occasionally be present within the fork created by the major lateral spine where it originates from the furca. This spine (when present) may be readily apparent, reduced to a lump, or present on one furca while absentfrom the other on the same individual. Color: Similar to that offirst zoea, but noticeably intensified. Pale orange highlights distal three-fourths of rostrum, dorsal spine, antennae, and antennules. Gut color more burnt orange, extending through abdominal somite 4. Mandibles most pronounced in burnt orange, outer surfaces scarlet. Third zoea. CL=0.76 mm. Carapace: Rostrum preorbital protuberances pronounced, angular. Dorsal spine with 3 (occasionally 2 or 4) small, scattered proximal setae with some scattered distal setae and minute tubercles. Lateral spines with 3 or 4 minute dorsal tubercles. Carapace ventral margin with 2 or 3 setae. Mediodorsal knob with 2 or 3 additional smaller integumental sensillae located within rectangular region previously demarcated by 4 sensillae of second zoea; 6 setae anterior, 4 setae posterior to mediodorsal knob. Antennule: With 3 aesthetascs and 1 naked seta at tip, 1 subterminal budlike projection. Antenna: Similar to earlier stage, endopodite more developed, with pointed tip slightly exceeding exopodite length. Mandibles: Without palp. Maxillule: Coxal endite with 8 thick, plumose setae. Basal endite with 5 pectinate spines, 3 long sparsely plumose setae, 1 subterminal plumose seta, almost no minute hairs. Endopodite as in first zoea. Protopodite with 1 distal plumose seta. Maxilla: Coxal endite bilobed with 5 proximal, 4 distal plumose setae. Basal endite bilobed with 5 proximal, 4 distal plumose setae. Endopodite as in first zoea except all setae naked. Scaphognathite with 17 to 20 marginal plumose setae. Maxilliped 1: Coxopodite with 1 (rarely 2) seta. Five-segmented endopodite setation now 2, 2, 1, 2, 5+1. Exopodite with 8 terminal natatory setae. Maxilliped 2: Coxopodite without setae. Three-segmented endopodite setation now 1, 1, 6. Exopodite with 9 terminal natatory setae. Maxilliped 3: Present as small, unbranched lobe. Pereiopods: Apparent as small rudiments beneath carapace. Abdomen: Sixth somite present, lacking posterolateral spines and posterodorsal setae. Somite 1 with 2 or 3 posterodorsal setae; somites 2-5 as in second zoea, but with posterolateral spines of somites 3-5 progressively longer; somites 2-6 developing small pleopod buds; those of somite 6 barely apparent. Telson: Median sinus with 2 small plumose setae. Secondary minute lateral furcal spines mayor may not be present as in second zoea. Color: Rostrum, dorsal spine, antennules, antennae nearly colorless. Maxillipeds with pale orange spreading through much of basipodites. Mandibles slightly darker burnt orange. Orbits pale mint green blending into faint sky blue at interorbital region. Sky-blue stellate chromatophore at dorsal spine base. Vandyke-brown stellate chromatophore fringed in olive, mint green, sky blue at lateral spine bases. Pereiopod buds light orange. Gut burnt orange through somite 3, with small spots of pale orange highlighting pleopod buds on somites 3-5. Fourth zoea. CL=0.84 mm. Carapace: Rostrum preorbital protuberances recurved into anteriorly directed hooks. Dorsal spine with 4 small proximal setae, few scattered minute tubercles. Lateral spines as in third zoea. Carapace ventral margin with 6-11 (usually 9) setae. Mediodorsal knob with 4 outer sensillae (arranged as rectangle) surrounding 4 smaller inner sensillae; 10 setae anterior, 4 setae posterior to knob. Antennule: Biramous. Endopodite half exopodite length, naked, pointed at tip. Exopodite two-segmented with 12 aesthetascs arranged proximally to distally (2, 6) (1, 3 apical) plus 1 naked seta at tip. Protopodite swollen proximoventrally, supporting 2 minute plumose setae. Antenna: Endopodite at least onehalf protopodite length. Mandibles: Palp present. Maxillule: Coxal endite with 11 or 12 setae (small proximal seta occasionally absent). Basal endite with 7 denticulate spines, 5 or 6 sparsely plumose setae; few minute hairs. Endopodite and protopodites as in third zoea. Maxilla: Coxal endite bilobed with 6 proximal, 4 distal plumose setae. Basal endite bilobed with 6 proximal, 7 distal plumose setae, several minute lateral hairs on distal lobe. Scaphognathite with 25 to 30 (usually 28 or 29) marginal plumose setae. Maxilliped 1: Coxopodite with 2 (rarely 1) setae. Endopodite as in third zoea. Exopodite with 9 terminal natatory setae. Maxilliped 2: Coxopodite with no (rarely 1 very small) seta. Three-segmented endopodite setation 1,1,5+1 (rarely 4+1). Exopodite with 11 terminal natatory setae. Maxilliped 3: Greatly enlarged from third zoea, epipodite and endites well developed, not yet segmented. Pereiopods: Greatly enlarged from third zoea, with incipient segmentation and differentiation. Abdomen: Somite 1 with 3 posterodorsal setae, slight posterolateral projections. Somites 2-6 as in third zoea but pleopod buds enlarged and biramous on somites 2-5, small and uniramous on somite 6. Telson: Median sinus with 3 or 4 small plumose setae. Secondary minute lateral furcal spines mayor may not be present as in second zoea. Color: Rostrum, antennules, antennae pale orange. Maxilliped 1 and 2 basipodites proximalty with prominent burnt-orange stellate chromatophores, diffused with pale mint green at basipodite-exopodite junction. Mandible incisor and molar surfaces fringed in dark Vandyke brown blending into scarlet and burnt orange. Orbits pale mint green. Sky-blue stellate chromatophore mixed with pale green and yellow at dorsal spine base. Lateral spines with burnt orange and Vandyke-brown stellate chromatophores blending into mint green distally. Body (cephalothorax) generally pale yellow-orange mixed with faint mint green. Gastric region and gut burnt orange extending through abdominal somite 3. Abdominal somites 2-5 with paired patches ofpale burnt orange lateral to pleopod bud origins, otherwise colorless. Telson entirely pale orange diffused with mint green in vicinity oflateral and dorsal furcal spines. |