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Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
; Thuộc về nước lợ. Tropical; 64°N - 44°S, 98°W - 72°E (Ref. 125423)
Eastern Pacific, Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 8812); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 300.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 5.8 cm; tarsus: 2.54 cm; wing: 32.5 cm.
Total Length: 40 to 45 cm; Wingspan: 91 to 94 cm (Ref. 8812). A coastal species (Ref. 356), found on beach and shoreline, nearshore and in islands (Ref. 116102). Primarily foraging inshore. In the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland and northern England, they are known to partially feed on the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus. Breeding pairs share incubation and chick-rearing duties in nesting colonies. They surface-feed by scooping prey from the water and carry it in their bills (Ref. 95711). Displays plunge-diving behavior (Ref. 356). Adults feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Các trứng | Sự sinh sản | Ấu trùng
Stienen, E.W.M. and A. Brenninkmeijer. 2002. (Ref. 5815)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Các công cụ
Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 9.5 - 28.8, mean 25.6 (based on 3906 cells).
Thích nghi nhanh
Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (K=54.13).
Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.