Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
Populaire namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
Rifbewoner; diepteverspreiding 0 - 45 m (Ref. 800). Tropical; 30°N - 30°S, 32°E - 108°W (Ref. 85013)
Indo-Pacific. Tropical and subtropical.
Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?, range 26 - ? cm Max length : 60.0 cm TL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 800); common length : 37.0 cm TL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 122); Maximaal gepubliceerd gewicht: 4.0 kg (Ref. 122)
Maximum width: 15 cm (Ref. 418). Mean live wt. 1700 up to 4000 g; body-thickness 0.12 cm. Body: sub oval, stout, firm and rigid, arched dorsally (bivium), and flattened ventrally (trivium). Bivium with characteristic large lateral papillae (teats) and often covered by sand. Bivium with small papillae as well as posia ending in a disc around 0.022 cm in diameter; podia on trivium stout, arranged irregularly, their calcareous disc around 0.07 cm in diameter. Mouth ventral, surrounded by 2 rows of black papillae and 20 grey, stout tentacles. Anus surrounded by short papillae and 5 stout calcareous teeth. Calcareous ring with large wing0shaped radial pieces and narrow sharp interradials (slightly different from Holothuria fuscogilva). Cuverian tubules present, but never expelled. Color: less variable than in Holothuria fuscogilva; bivium dark brown to black; trivium lighter, generally grayish. Spicules: in form of tables and buttons; only one kind of tables in the dorsal and ventral tegument; tables with undulated, circular disc with 12 to 16 holes, supporting a massive spire with 4 pillars and a cross bridge, ending in a large, spiny crown; ventral-tegument buttons in form of fenestrated ellipsoids; dorsal-tegument buttons shorter, larger, and less fenestrated; ventral podia with numerous spiny rods and large multiperforated plates; tentacles with spiny rods, large plates, small plates, and pseudo-plates (Ref. 122).
Maximum depth from Ref. 85013. Populations reach higher densities, with medium densities of around 0.002 per square meter. Harvested in artisanal fisheries throughout the area, in places were its habitat occurs. Collected by hand at low tide, by skin diving or using diving gear (if not banned), making the populations very vulnerable, due to overexploitation. The processed product is of major commercial value and very highly demanded at present, even though the stocks have declined within the area (Ref. 122).
Long spawning period that takes place during the cold season (Ref. 99891). It has a medium potential fecundity (Ref. 122).
Conand, C. 1998. (Ref. 122)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Status bij CITES (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van groot commercieel belang
FAO - Visserij: landings | FishSource |
Tools
Internet-bronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 24.7 - 29, mean 28.1 (based on 1128 cells).
Kwetsbaarheid
Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Prijsklasse
Unknown.
