Spain country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Goñi, R. and D. Latrouite, 2005
Importance: highly commercial | Ref: Follesa, M.C., D. Cuccu, R. Cannas and A. Cau, 2007
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref:
Regulations: no regulations | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from Bay of Biscay (Ref. 114314), Medes Island (Ref. 85313) and Columbretes Islands (Refs. 85352, 114314). C: Refs. 85313, 85352, 85381, 85396; M: Refs.4, 74504, 114314.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Goñi, R. and D. Latrouite, 2005
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Awwista, ... more

Classification / Names / Names आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS

> Decapoda (Lobster, shrimp and crabs) > Palinuridae (spiny lobsters)

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

; गहराई सीमा 5 - 200 m (Ref. 85369), usually 10 - 70 m (Ref. 4). Subtropical; 12°C - 16°C (Ref. 114562), preferred 11°C (Ref. 107945); 61°N - 27°N, 32°W - 36°E (Ref. 114562)

वितरण देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | भूमिका

Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from Norway to Morocco. Subtropical to temperate.

Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m 10.0, range 7 - 8 cm Max length : 50.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 441); common length : 40.0 cm BASL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 441); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 15 वर्षो (Ref. 85318)

Traditionally caught by traps, pots and sometimes by hand (e.g., diving and spearing; Refs. 441, 85369), but these gears were eventually replaced with trammel nets (Ref. 85369). Minimum depth from Ref. 4. Occurs at depths between shore to 200 m, on rocky bottoms and coralligenous substrates where there are lots of protective holes and micro-caves. Adults may be solitary, in pairs or in small groups. Highly omnivorous and preys on hard-shelled bottom dwelling organisms, i.e., mollusks, echinoderms and crustaceans. They are generalists and opportunistic feeders depending on the abundance of benthic organisms (Ref. 85369). Ovigerous females are observed from September to October and February to March (Ref. 4).

Life cycle and mating behavior परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा

Breeds once a year between June and October. Larger females mate and lay eggs earlier during breeding season while smaller females spawn towards the end (Ref. 85364).

Main reference संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

वेदनीय, आई यु सी ऐन लाल सूची देखें। (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 26 September 2013

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक
FAO - मात्स्यिकी: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us

साधन

E-book | कार्यक्षेत्र पथप्रदर्शक

अधिक जानकारी

देश
ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र
Ecosystems
संयोग
भूमिका
Stocks
पारिस्थितिकी
आहार
खाद्य पदार्थ

आम नाम
उपशब्द
परभक्षी
पुनरुत्पत्ति
परिपक्व अवधि
मछलीऔ का अंडे देना
Fecundity
अंडे
Egg development

Age/Size
बाढ़
Length-weight
Length-length
आकृति विज्ञान
लार्वा
बहुतायत

संदर्भ
Mass conversion

सहयोगीयो
तस्वीरे

इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7.7 - 19.6, mean 11.9 (based on 808 cells).

लौटाव (Ref. 69278) माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.13-0.21; tm=4; tmax=15).

Prior r = 0.22, 95% CL = 0.14 - 0.33, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787)