Spain country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Goñi, R. and D. Latrouite, 2005
Importance: highly commercial | Ref: Follesa, M.C., D. Cuccu, R. Cannas and A. Cau, 2007
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref:
Regulations: no regulations | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from Bay of Biscay (Ref. 114314), Medes Island (Ref. 85313) and Columbretes Islands (Refs. 85352, 114314). C: Refs. 85313, 85352, 85381, 85396; M: Refs.4, 74504, 114314.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Goñi, R. and D. Latrouite, 2005
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Awwista, ... more

Classification / Names / Names народные названия | синонимы | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS

> Decapoda (Lobster, shrimp and crabs) > Palinuridae (spiny lobsters)

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range экология

; пределы глубины 5 - 200 m (Ref. 85369), usually 10 - 70 m (Ref. 4). Subtropical; 12°C - 16°C (Ref. 114562), preferred 11°C (Ref. 107945); 61°N - 27°N, 32°W - 36°E (Ref. 114562)

распространение страны | регионы FAO | Ecosystems | места находок | интродукции

Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from Norway to Morocco. Subtropical to temperate.

Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст

Maturity: L_m 10.0, range 7 - 8 cm Max length : 50.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 441); common length : 40.0 cm BASL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 441); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 15 годы (Ref. 85318)

Traditionally caught by traps, pots and sometimes by hand (e.g., diving and spearing; Refs. 441, 85369), but these gears were eventually replaced with trammel nets (Ref. 85369). Minimum depth from Ref. 4. Occurs at depths between shore to 200 m, on rocky bottoms and coralligenous substrates where there are lots of protective holes and micro-caves. Adults may be solitary, in pairs or in small groups. Highly omnivorous and preys on hard-shelled bottom dwelling organisms, i.e., mollusks, echinoderms and crustaceans. They are generalists and opportunistic feeders depending on the abundance of benthic organisms (Ref. 85369). Ovigerous females are observed from September to October and February to March (Ref. 4).

Life cycle and mating behavior половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | икра | Fecundity | личинки

Breeds once a year between June and October. Larger females mate and lay eggs earlier during breeding season while smaller females spawn towards the end (Ref. 85364).

Основная ссылка ссылки | координатор | соавторы

Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)

Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)

уязвимый; см. Красный Список МСОП (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 26 September 2013

Статус СИТЕС (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Использование человеком

рыболовство: коммерческий
FAO - рыболовство: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us

инструменты

E-book | полевой определитель

дополнительная информация

страны
регионы FAO
Ecosystems
места находок
интродукции
Stocks
экология
пища
пищевые объекты

народные названия
синонимы
хищники
размножение
половая зрелость
нерест
Fecundity
икра
Развитие икры

Возраст/Размеры
рост
Зависимость между длиной и массой тела
Зависимость между длинами
морфология
личинки
численность

ссылки
Mass conversion

соавторы
изображения

ресурсы в Интернет

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7.7 - 19.6, mean 11.9 (based on 808 cells).

устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref. 69278) средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (K=0.13-0.21; tm=4; tmax=15).

Prior r = 0.22, 95% CL = 0.14 - 0.33, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.

Уязвимость (Ref. 71543): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).

Категория цены (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787)