Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
; djupintervall 5 - 200 m (Ref. 85369), usually 10 - 70 m (Ref. 4). Subtropical; 12°C - 16°C (Ref. 114562), preferred 11°C (Ref. 107945); 61°N - 27°N, 32°W - 36°E (Ref. 114562)
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from Norway to Morocco. Subtropical to temperate.
Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm 10.0, range 7 - 8 cm Max length : 50.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 441); common length : 40.0 cm BASL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 441); rapporterad maxålder: 15 år (Ref. 85318)
Traditionally caught by traps, pots and sometimes by hand (e.g., diving and spearing; Refs. 441, 85369), but these gears were eventually replaced with trammel nets (Ref. 85369). Minimum depth from Ref. 4.
Breeds once a year between June and October. Larger females mate and lay eggs earlier during breeding season while smaller females spawn towards the end (Ref. 85364).
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell
FAO - fiskeri: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Verktyg
Internet-källor
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.7 - 19.6, mean 11.9 (based on 808 cells).
Resiliens
Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.13-0.21; tm=4; tmax=15).
Prior r = 0.22, 95% CL = 0.14 - 0.33, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).