Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 深度上下限 0 - 120 m (Ref. 62202). ; 82°N - 27°N, 80°W - 43°E (Ref. 124582)
Northwest Atlantic, Eastern Atlantic and the Arctic: Polar to temperate.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 8812); 最大體重: 719.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 3.45 cm; tarsus: 2.963 cm; wing: 21.13 cm.
Total Length: 40 to 45 cm; Wingspan: 63 to 66 cm (Ref. 8812). Found along coasts; <15 km (Ref. 356). In the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland and northern England, this species primarily forage inshore and feed on the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus (Ref. 95711). Known to be pursuit divers (Ref. 356). They surface-feed by scooping prey from the water and also able to exploit the water column by diving; carrying prey in their bills back to their colony. In nesting colonies, breeding pairs share incubation and chick-rearing duties. Adults feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Breeds from northern Europe east to Russia, Iceland, Greenland, and coastal North America from Baffin Island south to the Maritime Provinces and Maine. Winters from Greenland south even to South Carolina, and in Europe to the Mediterranean. Eggs are laid from early June to early August (Ref. 87872).
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Camphuysen, C.J.K. 1998. (Ref. 7319)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 17 August 2021
CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人類使用
| FishSource |
工具
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 2.3 - 12.7, mean 8.1 (based on 1259 cells).
回復力
高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=20.71-50.32).
瀕危性
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
價格種類
Unknown.
