Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
; εύρος βάθους 0 - 120 m (Ref. 62202). Polar; 82°N - 27°N, 80°W - 43°E (Ref. 124582)
Northwest Atlantic, Eastern Atlantic and the Arctic: Polar to temperate.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 8812); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 719.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 3.45 cm; tarsus: 2.963 cm; wing: 21.13 cm.
Total Length: 40 to 45 cm; Wingspan: 63 to 66 cm (Ref. 8812). Found along coasts; <15 km (Ref. 356). In the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland and northern England, this species primarily forage inshore and feed on the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus (Ref. 95711). Known to be pursuit divers (Ref. 356). They surface-feed by scooping prey from the water and also able to exploit the water column by diving; carrying prey in their bills back to their colony. In nesting colonies, breeding pairs share incubation and chick-rearing duties. Adults feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Breeds from northern Europe east to Russia, Iceland, Greenland, and coastal North America from Baffin Island south to the Maritime Provinces and Maine. Winters from Greenland south even to South Carolina, and in Europe to the Mediterranean. Eggs are laid from early June to early August (Ref. 87872).
Camphuysen, C.J.K. 1998. (Ref. 7319)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Human uses
| FishSource |
Εργαλεία
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 2.3 - 12.7, mean 8.1 (based on 1259 cells).
Ελαστικότητα
Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (K=20.71-50.32).
Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
