Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
Pelagis, permukaan; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 2 m (Ref. 119695). Tropical; 34°N - 47°S, 180°W - 180°E
Indo-Pacific, Atlantic and Antarctic Indian Ocean.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 8812); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 167.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 4.16 cm; tarsus: 5.715 cm; wing: 28.1 cm.
Total Length: 40 to 45 cm; Wingspan: 79 to 86 cm (Ref. 8812, 84934). Total population is 300,000 to 500,000 pairs. Tropical populations are sedentary while subtropical populations are more dispersive (Ref. 84934). Found nearshore to <100 km offshore (Ref. 356). Breeds aseasonally and colonially on cliffs, flat beaches, bare ground, and in bushes and trees on tropical and subtropical islands (Ref. 84934, 87784). Double-brooded (Ref. 84934). Highly pelagic and gregarious. Typically in large feeding flocks far out at sea over shoals of predatory fish (Ref. 91362). Foraging behavior includes dipping and snatching food from the sea surface (Refs. 356, 84934, 87784) rarely plunge-diving or settling on water (Ref. 84934, 87784, 91362).
rujukan utama
Acuan | Koordinator | mitra
Enticott, J. and D. Tipling. 1997. (Ref. 84934)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
status CITES (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
penggunaan manusia
| FishSource |
Alat, peralatan
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Daya lenting
Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (K=9.04-38.85).
keancaman
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
kategori harga
Unknown.