Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
大洋性; 深度上下限 0 - 2 m (Ref. 119695). ; 34°N - 47°S, 180°W - 180°E
Indo-Pacific, Atlantic and Antarctic Indian Ocean.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 8812); 最大体重: 167.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 4.16 cm; tarsus: 5.715 cm; wing: 28.1 cm.
Total Length: 40 to 45 cm; Wingspan: 79 to 86 cm (Ref. 8812, 84934). Total population is 300,000 to 500,000 pairs. Tropical populations are sedentary while subtropical populations are more dispersive (Ref. 84934). Found nearshore to <100 km offshore (Ref. 356). Breeds aseasonally and colonially on cliffs, flat beaches, bare ground, and in bushes and trees on tropical and subtropical islands (Ref. 84934, 87784). Double-brooded (Ref. 84934). Highly pelagic and gregarious. Typically in large feeding flocks far out at sea over shoals of predatory fish (Ref. 91362). Foraging behavior includes dipping and snatching food from the sea surface (Refs. 356, 84934, 87784) rarely plunge-diving or settling on water (Ref. 84934, 87784, 91362).
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Enticott, J. and D. Tipling. 1997. (Ref. 84934)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人类利用
| FishSource |
工具
网络资源
Estimates based on models
回复力
高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=9.04-38.85).
脆弱性
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
价格分类
Unknown.