Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
居于水底的; 深度上下限 68 - 431 m (Ref. 114857). , preferred 24°C (Ref. 107945); 61°N - 28°S, 21°W - 47°E (Ref. 275)
分布
国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 简介
Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Western Indian Ocean: 20°N to 60°N, west African coast south to the Canary Islands and the Red Sea except Baltic Sea. Subtropical to polar waters.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 16 - ? cm Max length : 93.7 cm ML 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 275); 41 cm ML (female)
Maximum size for males is 93.7 cm, mantle length (Ref. 104052). Caught with very small boats, using jigs in daytime at depths of 80 to 100 m (Ref. 2760). Occurs in tropical and subtropical climates (Ref. 275). Found In inshore waters over rocky ground at the start of the season and on sandy or muddy bottom later in the season (Ref. 106900). Feeds on small, juvenile fishes, other cephalopods, crustaceans, polychaetes (Ref. 275).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen. 1984. (Ref. 275)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
FAO - 渔业: landings | FishSource | 周边海洋
工具
网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.3 - 16.2, mean 10.6 (based on 229 cells).
脆弱性
High vulnerability (56 of 100).