Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 80 m (Ref. 8). Tropical, preferred 25°C (Ref. 107945); 39°N - 35°S, 37°E - 180°E
Indo-West Pacific: from Mozambique to Western Australia including Persian Gulf, Red Sea and Arabian Sea; then from North Korea down to Gulf of St. Vincent, South Australia.
Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 20.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 119750); 22 cm TL (female); Peso máx. publicado: 60.00 g (Ref. 116487)
Intertidal (Ref. 374) to subtidal (Ref. 106854). Juveniles are found on seagrass beds and mangroves higher in the shoreline (Ref. 106908). Inhabits open sea areas with sandy or muddy and sandy bottom (Ref. 374). Nocturnal (Refs. 10, 85270). Burrows on sand at daytime (Ref. 801).
Life cycle: pelagic larvae (four larval stages: nauplii, zoea, mysis and post-larvae) to inshore juvenile to offshore adult (Ref. 107331). Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833). The male transfers its spermatophore to the female's thelycum (Ref. 107331).
Holthuis, L.B. 1980. (Ref. 8)
Status na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Status no CITES (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais
FAO - pescarias: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Ferramentas
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 16.8 - 28.7, mean 26.7 (based on 1166 cells).
Resiliência
Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (K=0.36-1.9).
Prior r = 1.12, 95% CL = 0.74 - 1.69, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Vulnerabilidade
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).