Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
; пределы глубины 0 - 80 m (Ref. 8). Tropical, preferred 25°C (Ref. 107945); 39°N - 35°S, 37°E - 180°E
Indo-West Pacific: from Mozambique to Western Australia including Persian Gulf, Red Sea and Arabian Sea; then from North Korea down to Gulf of St. Vincent, South Australia.
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 20.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 119750); 22 cm TL (female); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 60.00 g (Ref. 116487)
Intertidal (Ref. 374) to subtidal (Ref. 106854). Juveniles are found on seagrass beds and mangroves higher in the shoreline (Ref. 106908). Inhabits open sea areas with sandy or muddy and sandy bottom (Ref. 374). Nocturnal (Refs. 10, 85270). Burrows on sand at daytime (Ref. 801).
Life cycle: pelagic larvae (four larval stages: nauplii, zoea, mysis and post-larvae) to inshore juvenile to offshore adult (Ref. 107331). Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833). The male transfers its spermatophore to the female's thelycum (Ref. 107331).
Основная ссылка
ссылки | координатор | соавторы
Holthuis, L.B. 1980. (Ref. 8)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Статус СИТЕС (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий
FAO - рыболовство: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us
инструменты
дополнительная информация
ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 16.8 - 28.7, mean 26.7 (based on 1166 cells).
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям
высокий, минимальное время удвоения популяции до 15 месяцев (K=0.36-1.9).
Prior r = 1.12, 95% CL = 0.74 - 1.69, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Уязвимость
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).