Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 深度上下限 0 - 40 m (Ref. 80041), usually 0 - 20 m (Ref. 75831). ; 37°N - 28°S, 32°E - 124°W
Indo-Pacific: from Mexico to Tanzania and the Red Sea to French Polynesia. Introduced in the Atlantic and Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 4 cm Max length : 9.8 cm SHL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2922); 最大年龄: 15 年 (Ref. 129284)
Shell rather thick and large (attaining 25 cm in length), subcircular in outline, with a short and ill-defined posterior ear which is not drawn out into a wing-like process. Anterior margin markedly protruding beyond the tip of anterior ear. Outer surface of valves, when not worn, with densely set, flattened, imbricating concentric scales and moderately long, parallel-sided and flattened spines with tapering or rounded ends; spines lying relatively flat on surface of valves, arranged in radial rows and often strongly projecting on shell margins. hinge completely devoid of teeth. Colour: outside of shell greyish brown or green to nearly black in ground colour, with radial stripes of white or yellowish markings corresponding to the basal portion of old flattened spines. Internal nacreous area silvery, with a darker smoky hue and a hint of red and green iridescence on border. Non-nacreous area very dark.
Found in shallow waters in between corals (Ref. 122680). Byssally attached to rocks and coral debris (Ref. 8010). Inhabits reef areas of lagoons (Ref. 97298). Some found lying freely on sand, coarse gravel or dead coral substrates and often found in eel grass beds and other marine plants (Ref. 80041). Also occur in mangrove areas (Ref. 129120). Feeds on phytoplankton (Ref. 96904).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
A continuous spawner (peak: December to April, warm season).
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Poutiers, J.M. 1998. (Ref. 348)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
| FishSource | 周边海洋
工具
网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 23.8 - 29, mean 27.6 (based on 1848 cells).
回复力
高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.26-0.58).
脆弱性
Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
价格分类
Unknown.
