Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 深度上下限 2 - 130 m (Ref. 85345). ; 53°N - 13°N, 32°W - 37°E
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea: from Ireland to the English Channel (French coast) to Spain, into the entire Mediterranean, to Morocco and Gulf of Guinea, including the islands of Azores, Madeira, Canary and Cape Verde. Temperate and subtropical.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Maximum depth from Ref. 106595. Intertidal (Ref. 106595) to sublittoral (Ref. 106593). Found on rocky shores (Refs. 106372, 106591, 106593, 106597). Also on grounds consisting of gravel encrusted with calcareous red algae (Ref. 106597). Herbivorous grazer (Ref. 106997). Grazes on encrusting coralline algae on rocks, on dead Posidonia oceanica leaves and their epiphytes, and on the rhizomes and roots of the seagrass when accessible (Ref. 106595). Scrapes the external part of rhizomes and consumes the roots entirely (Ref. 106997). Bioeroder since it feeds on any coralline substrate (Ref. 106598).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Members of the class Echinoidea are gonochoric. Fertilization is external. Brooding is common, eggs are held either on the peristome, around the periproct or deep into the concavities on the petaloids. Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktotrophic larvae (echinoplateus) and live for several months before they sink to the bottom using their tube feet to adhere on the ground where they metamorphose into young urchins.
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Gaspar, M.B., M.D. Dias, A. Campos, C.C. Monteiro, M.N. Santos, A. Chicharo and L. Chicharo. 2001. (Ref. 2714)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人類使用
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更多資訊
年龄/大小
成長
長度-重量
長度-長度
型態特徵
仔魚
豐度
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 14.1 - 21.3, mean 18.2 (based on 280 cells).
價格種類
Unknown.