Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 深度上下限 0 - 300 m (Ref. 78719), usually 0 - 50 m (Ref. 113749). ; 79°N - 37°N, 127°E - 97°E
Northern Pacific, Northern Atlantic and the Arctic. Temperate to polar.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 2.5  range ? - ? cm Max length : 10.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 865); 最大年齡: 45 年 (Ref. 90469)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Members of the class Echinoidea are gonochoric. Fertilization is external. Brooding is common, eggs are held either on the peristome, around the periproct or deep into the concavities on the petaloids. Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktotrophic larvae (echinoplateus) and live for several months before they sink to the bottom using their tube feet to adhere on the ground where they metamorphose into young urchins.
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Berkes, F., T.P. Hughes, R.S. Steneck, J.A. Wilson, D.R. Bellwood, B. Crona, C. Folke, L.H. Gunderson, H.M. Leslie, J. Norberg, M. Nyström, P. Olsson, H. Österblom, M. Scheffer and B. Worm. 2006. (Ref. 861)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
| FishSource | 周邊海洋
工具
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 0.8 - 10.2, mean 5.2 (based on 977 cells).
回復力
高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.12-0.84; tm=2.5; tmax=45).
瀕危性
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).