This website uses cookies to enhance your browsing experience and ensure the functionality of our site. For more detailed information about the types of cookies we use and how we protect your privacy, please visit our Privacy Information page.
This website uses different types of cookies to enhance your experience. Please select your preferences below:
| Main Ref. | Stephenson, W., J.J. Hudson and B. Campbell, 1957 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Benthopelagic (Ref. 97531). Prefers soft bottoms (Ref. 103831), with sandy to muddy substrates (Ref. 106287). Found on rocky coast and on coral reefs (Ref. 121712). Intertidal, found under rocks and stones and among live corals (Ref. 95903); also on rubble (Ref. 97531). Also found in an estuary-bay complex (Ref. 121721) as well as on the roots of the mangrove Rhizophora mangle (Ref. 103831) and the seagrass Halophila stipulacea (Ref. 119437). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Benthic: mobile; demersal; Pelagic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Stephenson, W., J.J. Hudson and B. Campbell, 1957 |
| Special habitats | vegetation ( roots/holdfast, ); |
| Special habitats Ref. | Stephenson, W., J.J. Hudson and B. Campbell, 1957 |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Dineen, J.F., P.F. Clark, A.H. Hines, S.A. Reed and H.P. Walton, 2001 |
| Feeding habit | |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.33 | 0.26 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||