Ecology Summary - Cladonema californicum

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Ecology of Cladonema californicum

Main Ref.	Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, D.G. Fautin, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Mills, W.C. Jaap, M.N. Arai, S.H.D. Haddock and D.M. Opresko, 2003
Remarks	Inhabits mud flats with Ulva sp.; more or less exposed at very low tide, attached to seaweeds; feeds on small crustaceans (Ref. 2376).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Cladonema californicum may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: sessile; Pelagic; Soft Bottom: mud;
Substrate Ref.	Wrobel, D. and C.E. Mills, 1998
Special habitats	Beds: algae/seaweed;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, D.G. Fautin, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Mills, W.C. Jaap, M.N. Arai, S.H.D. Haddock and D.M. Opresko, 2003
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Wrobel, D. and C.E. Mills, 1998
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition					small crustaceans
From individual food items
Ref.	Wrobel, D. and C.E. Mills, 1998