Main Ref. | Gibbs, P.E., 1978 |
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Remarks | Found on hard substrates (Ref. 112705), particularly under boulders (Ref. 3197), between tide marks (Ref. 78667), and in rock-pools (Ref. 89429). Sexual dimorphism: males are whitish because of the spermatozoa in the coelom; females are pinkish red due to the pinkish colored oocytes (Ref. 98347). In UAE, they are voracious carnivores feeding on sponges, hydroids, coral polyps and ascidians (Ref. 107862). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | Tan, L.T. and L.M. Chou, 1993 |
Special habitats | Beds: rock; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Benham, W.B., 1914 |
Ref. | Gibbs, P.E., 1978 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Kudenov, J.D., 1974 |
Feeding habit | browsing on substrate |
Feeding habit Ref. | Kudenov, J.D., 1974 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.68 | 0.11 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |