Main Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
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Remarks | Occurs at depths of 0 to 90 m (seldom at 150 m) on rocky substrate, especially on rocky onshore reefs with sufficient hiding places (Ref. 4). Lives in crevices of rocky shores and among algae (Ref. 4). Also commonly occurs on broken boulder areas and fractured reef (Ref. 106895). It is gregarious and nocturnal. It is carnivorous and feeds on small crustaceans, mollusks and echinoderms (Ref. 4). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: endofauna (infauna); Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; rock; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Simon, C.J. and A. Jeffs, 2008 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Simon, C.J. and A. Jeffs, 2008 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.48 | 0.29 | Troph of adults. | ||
From individual food items | 3.37 | 0.16 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Edmunds, M., 1995 |