Main Ref. | Read, G.B. (comp.), 2004 |
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Remarks | Known from seamounts, knolls, cold seeps, hydrothermal vents, oxygen-minimum zones, and whale carcasses (Ref. 7993). Omnivorous, discretely mobile (Ref. 108262). Uses a jawed pharynx for feeding (Ref. 125928). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; macrobenthos; Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | MarineSpecies.org, 2050 |
Special habitats | Other habitats: vents; seamounts; vertebrates (Known from whale carcasses.); |
Special habitats Ref. | MarineSpecies.org, 2050 |
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Associations | |
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Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Maciolek, N.J. and J.A. Blake, 2009 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | MarineSpecies.org, 2050 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |