Main Ref. | Talman, S.G., A. Norkko, S.F. Thrush and J.E. Hewitt, 2004 |
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Remarks | Found in soft sediments. Juveniles are preyed upon by sea stars, gastropods, octopus, snapper, and large rays (Ref. 1244). Feeds on phytoplankton (Ref. 114780). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: endofauna (infauna); Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | Talman, S.G., A. Norkko, S.F. Thrush and J.E. Hewitt, 2004 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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Feeding type Ref. | de Jong, N.E., 2013 |
Feeding habit | filtering plankton |
Feeding habit Ref. | de Jong, N.E., 2013 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.00 | 0.00 | Trophic level and s.e. inferred from exclusive plant/detritus food items. | ||
Ref. |