Ecology Summary - Tonna perdix

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Ecology of Tonna perdix

Main Ref.	Poutiers, J.M., 1998
Remarks	Intertidal to subtidal (Ref. 106232). On fine (Ref. 105535) sandy bottoms (Ref. 349) and on coral reefs (Ref. 106681). Dead shells rarely found on the beaches (Ref. 88739). Feeds on holothurians on reef flats (Ref. 106232).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Tonna perdix may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand ( fine, );
Substrate Ref.	Springsteen, F.J. and F.M. Leobrera, 1986
Special habitats	Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.	Beu, A.G., 2005

Associations

Ref.	Poutiers, J.M., 1998
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Kropp, R.K., 1982
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Kropp, R.K., 1982

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.00	0.00			Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item
Ref.