Ecology Summary - Verruca stroemia

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Ecology of Verruca stroemia

Main Ref.	Jennings, S., J. Lancaster, A. Woolmer and J. Cotter, 1999
Remarks	This is an attached species (Ref. 3123). Also found on fine and medium grain sized sand mixed with gravel and shell debris (Ref. 118257). Suspension feeder (Ref. 118257).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Verruca stroemia may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand ( fine, ); Hard Bottom: rubble;
Substrate Ref.	Denisenko, N.V., S.G. Denisenko, K.K. Lehtonen, A.-B. Andersin and H.R. Sandler, 2007
Special habitats	Other habitats: pilings; boat hulls;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Jennings, S., J. Lancaster, A. Woolmer and J. Cotter, 1999
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit	filtering plankton
Feeding habit Ref.	Denisenko, N.V., S.G. Denisenko, K.K. Lehtonen, A.-B. Andersin and H.R. Sandler, 2007

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.