Main Ref. | Smith, B.D., 2003 |
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Remarks | Found from low tide to 45 m, on algal-covered rock (Ref. 337). Subtidal near reefs (Ref. 799) and sandy shores (Ref. 128042). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Springsteen, F.J. and F.M. Leobrera, 1986 |
Special habitats | Beds: rock; |
Special habitats Ref. | Ng, P.K.L. and T. Naruse, 2009 |
Ref. | Smith, B.D., 2003 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |