Main Ref. | Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993 |
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Remarks | Found 160 km offshore. Feeds on a wide variety of prey, including pelagic, mid-water, and benthic animals, such as schooling and solitary fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.50 | 0.39 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
From individual food items | 4.46 | 0.83 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | de Bruyn, P.J.N., M.N. Bester, S. Mecenero, S.P. Kirkman, J.-P. Roux and N.T.W. Klages, 2003 |