Ecology Summary - Arctocephalus townsendi

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Ecology of Arctocephalus townsendi

Main Ref.	Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993
Remarks	Found at sea, on beaches; when ashore, they prefer volcanic caves and grottos, or other rocky habitats. Both male and female territorial. Extralimital sightings in California corresponds with El Niño events.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Arctocephalus townsendi may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.	Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	4.50	0.65			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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