Main Ref. | Veron, J.E.N., 2000 |
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Remarks | Most reef habitats except turbid water (Ref. 846). Carries dense populations of the bivalve L. simplex. Bivalves are completely enclosed by the skeleton. They benefit from the coral through nutrition and protection against predators. The coral's gain, however, is unclear (Ref. 115168). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: sessile; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Babcock, R.C., G.D. Bull, P.L. Harrison, A.J. Heyward, J.K. Oliver, C.C. Wallace and B.L. Willis, 1986 |
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Associations | colony-forming/symphorism; |
Associated with | Lithophaga simplex (Ref. 115168). |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |