Main Ref. | Rice, D.W., 1998 |
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Remarks | Inhabits tropical and warm temperate waters in major oceans between approximately 40°N and 40°S. They are generally restricted to waters warmer than 20°C. Feeds on copepods, euphausiids, and fishes (Ref. 79555). In Madeira, they can be found alone or in groups of two to five between June and November. Foraging includes both searching for prey and prey capture. Lunges are considered feeding dives while other deep dives were foraging dives without prey capture (Ref. 114954). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
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Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Rice, D.W., 1998 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Kanda, N., M. Goto, H. Kato, M.V. McPhee and L.A. Pastene, 2007 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Kanda, N., M. Goto, H. Kato, M.V. McPhee and L.A. Pastene, 2007 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.16 | 0.72 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
From individual food items | 4.03 | 0.67 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Tamura, T., K. Konishi, T. Isoda, R. Okamoto and T. Bando, 2009 |