Main Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
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Remarks | Oceanic; occurring in equatorial, southern subtropical, southern peripheral water masses. Paralarvae are epipelagic and mesopelagic; adults are lower epipelagic, mesopelagic and bathypelagic. Predators include the dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima, off Brazil, pygmy sperm whale, K. breviceps, off New Zealand, the southern elephant seal, Miroungia leonina, and fishes, such as hakes and macrurids. A principal prey item seems to be krill (Ref. 97142). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; demersal; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper, 2010 |
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. | Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper, 2010 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.20 | 0.40 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |