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Ecology of Bucephala clangula
 
Main Ref. SAUP Database, 2006
Remarks Coastal (Ref. 356). Breeds in freshwater and along coasts (in Sweden and in the Gulf of Bothnia); nests in hollow trees or artificial nest-boxes. Martens (Martes martes) and jays (Garrulus glandarius) known to feed on its eggs. Ducklings preferentially feed in lakes. Main diet include Corixidae, Notonecta, Ephemerida larvae (mainly Leptophlebia vespertina), Dytiscidae adults (mainly Hyphydrus ovatus) and larvae (mainly Acilius and Dytiscus), and Chaoborus larvae (Ref. 95144). Displays dabbling behavior (Ref. 356). Common diving depth of 2 to 3 m (Ref. 115862).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Bucephala clangula may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Karpouzi, V.S., 2005
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref. Karpouzi, V.S., 2005

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method original sample unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
From individual food items 3.82 0.43 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.
Ref. [ e.g. 3742]
Glossary [ e.g. cnidaria]
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