Main Ref. | Gappa, J.L., 2000 |
---|---|
Remarks | Epibenthic, encrusting, erect (Ref. 116066). Found in rocky subtidal (Ref. 116251), on giant kelp fronds, pilings, and boats hulls to a depth of 80 meters (Ref. 865). Suspension feeder (Ref. 116251). Part of fouling communities attached to raft frames in mariculture zones (Ref. 127121). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | Benthic: sessile; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; Other habitats: pilings; boat hulls; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gotshall, D.W., 2005 |
Ref. | Gappa, J.L., 2000 |
---|---|
Associations | colony-forming/symphorism; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 2017 |
Feeding habit | filtering plankton |
Feeding habit Ref. | Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.63 | 0.28 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |