Main Ref. | Markham, J.C., 2003 |
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Remarks | Inhabits intertidal and subtidal to 10 m, on rock bottoms, boulders and coral rubble. It is sometimes found on rock platforms in the splash zone (Ref. 81753); also in mangrove (Ref. 114915). Prefers nocturnal foraging within seagrass habitat (Ref. 114915). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
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Substrate Ref. | Macnae, W. and M. Kalk, 1962 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Davie, P.J.F., 2002 |
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Parasitism |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
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Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
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From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |