Main Ref. | Summers, R.W., S. Smith, M. Nicoll and N.K. Atkinson, 1990 |
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Remarks | During the winter, it uses rocky intertidal habitats and offshore islets to forage. Molluscs make an important part of its winter diet (Ref. 118691). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Mallory, M.L., M.F. Elderkin, N.C. Spencer, T.A. Betsch, A.C. Russell and P.L. Mills, 2016 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Mallory, M.L., M.F. Elderkin, N.C. Spencer, T.A. Betsch, A.C. Russell and P.L. Mills, 2016 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Mallory, M.L., M.F. Elderkin, N.C. Spencer, T.A. Betsch, A.C. Russell and P.L. Mills, 2016 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.29 | 0.34 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |