Main Ref. | Norman, M.D. and C.C. Lu, 2000 |
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Remarks | Occurs in shallow tropical (Ref. 96968) and subtropical waters (Ref. 106867) on coral reefs (Refs. 96968, 106867). Occupies temporary lairs within coral rubble with deep vertical holes as entrance, which are sealed during the day with rubble. At night, it forages over reef flats or at gravel substrate on sandy bottoms during low tide. Primarily feeds on fishes, crustaceans and octopuses (Ref. 101159). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Hard Bottom: rubble; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Jereb, P., C.F.E. Roper, M.D. Norman and J.K. Finn, 2014 |
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Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | GBIF, 2015 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | GBIF, 2015 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.01 | 0.58 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |