Main Ref. | Jensen, G.C., 1995 |
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Remarks | Forages on shores protected from wave action. Juveniles and mating pairs occur in the intertidal zone only on nocturnal high tides (Ref. 78483). Buries itself in the substrate during periods of inactivity (Ref. 78491). Excavating predator (Ref. 78493). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Robles, C., D.A. Sweetnam and D. Dittman, 1989 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Rumrill, S.S., J.T. Pennington and F.-S. Chia, 1985 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Smith, T.E., R.C. Ydenberg and R.W. Elner, 1999 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.30 | 0.43 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |