Main Ref. | Qin, H., H. Chiu and B. Morton, 2005 |
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Remarks | Found in mangrove swamps (Ref. 70). Breeds in freshwater streams (Ref. 68). Prefer to lay eggs on calm beaches with sandy to muddy bottoms (Refs. 127122, 65787). Inhabits shallow intertidal pools dominated by Halophila beccarii. Juveniles burrow at low tide (Ref. 65787). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Chiu, H.M.C. and B. Morton, 1999 |
Special habitats | Other habitats: burrows; |
Special habitats Ref. | Zhou, H. and B. Morton, 2004 |
Ref. | Tanacredi, J.T. (ed.), 2001 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.22 | 0.38 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |