Main Ref. | Fischer, W., G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.), 1981 |
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Remarks | Inhabits shallow water from the intertidal area down to 200 m. Lives under stones, on muddy or muddy sand bottoms, or hard bottom, etc. Also inhabits brackish lagoons (Ref. 2779), and eelgrass beds (Ref. 128717). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Department of Fisheries, Western Australia, 2000 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. | Department of Fisheries, Western Australia, 2000 |
Ref. | Fischer, W., G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.), 1981 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Gaudêncio, M.J. and H.N. Cabral, 2007 |
Feeding habit | browsing on substrate |
Feeding habit Ref. | Gaudêncio, M.J. and H.N. Cabral, 2007 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.50 | 0.53 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
From individual food items | 3.15 | 0.36 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Ansell, A.D., C.A. Comely and L. Robb, 1999 |